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Defination of the essential properties of operating systems

Define the essential properties of the following types of operating sys-tems:  Batch  Interactive  Time sharing  Real time  Network  Parallel  Distributed  Clustered  Handheld ANSWERS: a. Batch processing:-   Jobs with similar needs are batched together and run through the computer as a group by an operator or automatic job sequencer. Performance is increased by attempting to keep CPU and I/O devices busy at all times through buffering, off-line operation, spooling, and multi-programming. Batch is good for executing large jobs that need little interaction; it can be submitted and picked up later. b. Interactive System:-   This system is composed of many short transactions where the results of the next transaction may be unpredictable. Response time needs to be short (seconds) since the user submits and waits for the result. c. Time sharing:-   This systems uses CPU scheduling and multipro-gramming to provide economical interactive use of a system. The CPU switches rapidl
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What is a Fair lock in multithreading?

  Photo by  João Jesus  from  Pexels In Java, there is a class ReentrantLock that is used for implementing Fair lock. This class accepts optional parameter fairness.  When fairness is set to true, the RenentrantLock will give access to the longest waiting thread.  The most popular use of Fair lock is in avoiding thread starvation.  Since longest waiting threads are always given priority in case of contention, no thread can starve.  The downside of Fair lock is the low throughput of the program.  Since low priority or slow threads are getting locks multiple times, it leads to slower execution of a program. The only exception to a Fair lock is tryLock() method of ReentrantLock.  This method does not honor the value of the fairness parameter.
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